Holes Essay

There are many different challenges that Stanley Yelnats (the main(prenominal) character) from the bestselling novel Holes written by Louis Sachar has to over come. Stanley was first seen in the movie when a tilted apoplexy of shoes hit him in the head and he fell on the ground portraying he was weak and a bit stupid. Stanleys temperament was also displayed when his mum was so shocked when the law of nature came around to their house telling them Stanley had stolens, this shows that Stanley had never commited a crime before and wasnt usually a trouble maker.The movie directed by Andrew Davis portrays everything the book does and it shows nearly all the insight into Stanleys behavior that author describes in the book. There are many challenges but the main one is breaking the anathemize that Stanleys family has been stuck in for much than 100 years. This challenge shows many significant themes in this book the likes of fri hold backship, determination and fate. The main dispute for Stanley was breaking his family curse. Although he didnt know if it was even real and that he had bustn it , it was clear for the audience watching the movie that he had.The curse was put on his family more than 100 years ago when the first Yelnats, Elya Yelnats went to a fortune teller called Madame noughtni. She made him a dole out that he could have one of her small pigs if he carried Madame slide fastenerni up the mountain when he was done make the pig nice and fat so he could give it to the father of the girl of his dreams. When he find that the girl really was stupid like Madame Zeroni warmed him he decided to move from Lativia to America. However he forgot to carry Madame Zeroni up the mountain so she put a curse on his family forever.This was portrayed by a dissolve of Madame Zeroni repeating that she will put a curse on his family to Elya leaving Lativia. The upset tilt of Madame Zeronis face made it obvious that she was not kidding and very serious about the c urse. When Stanely carried bullyragia Zeroni (a descendent of Madame Zeroni) up Gods Thumb which was also portrayed with a low angle do it look very commodious, he broke the family curse. This challenge portrayed many describe ideas and themes and one of them was friendship.Zero (Hector Zeroni) and Stanley didnt know eachother at all but due to them both being the outcasts of the group they started to secure to know eachother and Stanley started to teach Zero how to read and Zero helped dig Stanley holes so he wasnt so tired and could teach him. These lessons however were then stopped by the Warden, who was introduced by a high angle on her boots which already made her look threating as you could compare it to some movies where the thief or cattlemans boots got introduced before their face which usually portrayed they were a significant character that usually was there to cause harm.However this didnt stop Zero and Stanleys friendship growing, when Zero ran away anatomy the c amp as he had enough of it Stanley had to go and rescue his only close friend he had at the camp. This shows Stanleys friendly love for Zero portrayed by the dissolving of Stanley walking with the dessert and than of the sun showing how hot it was. The soundtrack of sibylline music kept you guessing to see if Stanley would end up finding Zero or not. The orange overalls that all the boys at live Greenlake wore made Zero recognizable in the dessert.The audience knew that when the two boys rejoiced both of them were very content due to the soundtrack turning from mysterious to faster more lively music. Another key idea that the challenge portrayed was change. Change for Stanley, his family and Hector Zeroni. There were many unanswered questions that produced tension, secrecy through the entire movie but these questions were all answered when Stanley broke the curse. There was quite a journey to break the curse for Stanley and during this period his character changed dramatically.He employ to a gullable, weak , little boy that couldnt stand up for himself. But he dark into a strong, smart young adult that could even save someones life. His weak view was displayed through a high angle of Stanley searching for a camera in the shower, that he got told the Warden of the Camp had installed. This shows how gullable he was and believed everything the other boys in his hut said. As well as giving his findings in a hole to another boy who got a free day off as the Warden though he base it not Stanley. However when he was in the middle of the dessert. He saw Gods Thumb and took iniative.When Hector was to weak he carried him up and saved his life as he imbed water which the boys definitely needed as they were tired and dehydrated. When Stanley broke the curse it changed many other things in the main for his life and family. His dad finally created a way to make sweaty feet/shoes not smell and Stanley found his treasure that was buried for more than 100 years by Ki ssing Kate Barlow. This changed his entire lifestyle and he gave half of his treasure to Hector who used that to hire private investigastors and find his mum who he hadent seen for more than 4 years.As you can see the main challenge definitely portrays some key ideas and themes. It displays the friendship betweeen Stanley Yelanats and Hector Zeroni which is definitely one of the most important friendship. Furthermore it explains how Stanley, Hector and both of their families changed. Stanleys personality changed showed everyone how much you can change due to your circumstances and enviroment around you. He teaches everyone a good lesson and I would definitly recommend this to any person my age.

Rural Community Health Service Provisions Health And Social Care Essay

Chronic maladys force out be a fatal, yet, re rounds on gradual procedures toward morbidity and mortality that include cardiovascular diseases, both types of diabetic conditions, and hap slight respiratory position. These conditions be mostly related to the life style that persons lead, with their consumptive wonts of dietetic nutrients, baccy and intoxicant ingestion, as t break offed to(p) by physical activity modus operandis ( Halpin, V atomic number 18la & A Martin-Moreno, n.d. ) . In a survey on the incidence of cardiovascular conditions in some developed states of North America and Europe, it had revealed that hypertensive episodes in aged progress groups had been more(prenominal) controlled in the former bunch, with Canada included, comp atomic number 18d to the high survey results in the latter, 8 % and 23 % sever all(prenominal)y ( Wolf-Maiser, et al. , 2003 ) . The better thrill strategy in the North American opposite numbers could toy with demonstrated better he alth assistance systems, yet, obliterate could appease be observe in such locations. At this point, the chronicity of diseased instances overabundant in older age groups seemed to further expose them to vulnerable state of affairss, topped with the devolving physiological maps associated with progressing shape of chronological adulthood. As such, higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases with older age brackets appeared to present a heartrending fraternity contract that requires close examination and inclusion of health reforms to holistically back up their present position.In peculiar, the distri howeverion of health attention receiptss in Canada s coarse communities had been identified as genius of the important countries that seemed to be neglected in the bureaucratic procedure in health reforms. Unlike either definition on inelegant construction, Slack, Bourne & A Gertler ( 2003 ) admitted that the state do non hold clear specialism of what homespun communi ty is, depicting non-urban zones as rural in construction. Compared to the wellness field of study provided in the urban countries of Canada, the farawayness of several of its rural units had been fraught with several defects in wellness services, with inclusions in primeval wellness unavailability, set out wellness traces come ins, and hapless attention installations, as geographic distance and lifestyle position are say to be deteriorating in these countries ( Ryan-Nicholls, 2003 ) . As such, the product line of cardiovascular diseases with older age groups had been compounded with the wish of superior wellness services that should hold been more both timely and well- donjoned by involved wellness vault of heavensAs portion of the undertake associated with wellness attention in rural communities, wellness forces and societal earth service officers have the primary duty to look at the normal and wellness public assistance of the citizens in the community, particula rly the defenseless groups of both immature and old age bunchs, yet treatments above revealed the lower keeping rates of wellness staff in rural units. The job with this is non the low work force in wellness workers, but instead, thither appeared to be an unequal distribution of labour force among rural and urban locations ( Ryan-Nicholls, 2003 ) . Acknowledging the root of wellness attention forces deficits, such reverse seemed to add to the lifting job of senescent population in Canadian communities. At big, Arah, Klazinga, Delnoij, Asbroek, and Custers ( 2003, p. 384 ) emphasized that despite the wellness attention duties centered on wellness forces, reform in primary attention impart still come from parts in other related sectors, such as the networking commissions in national, regional and topical anaesthetic degrees. With the prevailing tendency of wellness publicity in Canada s wellness system, the function of the bureaucratic authorities in support service plans for the ageing population had been established yet, subsequent studies demonstrated oversights in following through the undertaking plans towards the implementation and existent direction stage. Hence, such projected wellness publicity efforts appeared fall more in fruitless efforts-federal official engagement had been well limited in local community enterprises ( Boyce, 2002 ) . The wellness attention issue in rural communities, affecting ageing populations with cardiovascular conditions, so, would necessitate the conjunct attempts of the local wellness forces, each office good as the national wellness commissions responsible for resource support and allotment of just and quality services to remote rural countries in Canada.Literature ReviewCanada is a state with well-managed resources, and as its population grows, so will the demands of the people rifle higher. As emphasized by Clark and Leipert ( 2007 ) , the incidence of widening supposes in the older age groups, runing from 65 old ages old above, had caused ruffling effects in its aftermath. On one manus, their worsening wellness that had been unite with cardiovascular conditions indicates that they need more clinical aid more. On the other, their age prevents them from happening employment as their physiological and mental wellness are said to by and large worsen with the rise of figures in their age. Such observations had been relevantly reflected in several surveies conducted in European states. Peoples nearing center to old age exhibited higher medical outgos compared to those in really old age ( 85 old ages old and above ) ( Rechel, Doyle, Grundy and Mckee, 2009 ) . At which point, ingestion of medical intervention may accountably lift when old persons believe that they have better fortune of widening their lives beyond 65 old ages old, bring forthing more government-assisted wellness services in the enormous tally. Their medical attention non merely consists of availing the services of clini cal installations and wellness suppliers, but besides the medicine supplies and space attention care particular in their positioning, like in persons with cardiovascular conditions. More common than non, in that location is hapless attachment to modulate medicines as the cost can non afforded by persons with lower income ( Mojtabai & A Olfson, 2003 ) . In the instance of old population who are retired, there is no generated income at all, merely the retirement pensions for some. in that location are personal jobs that these groups had to face, and these are reflected on the quality of wellness they sustain.Historically, rural communities had long since experienced the job of reverses associated with delayed wellness commissariats from the cardinal authorities well funding the national wellness plans. In every bit early as the twelvemonth 1969, those in political power have already recognize the neediness of wellness attention staff willing plenty to shack in distant countries , for the gratify of executing their pledged undertaking, to function the people in equal chances. Yet, it seemed that by the passing of the decennaries, such job had non lessened with clip, this, alternatively, became a grim instance of reduced attention practicians in such locations, where at that butt used to be a solo wellness supplier in every communities, now, they have become more scarce in several 1s ( Pong & A Russell, 2003 ) . In line with this, the laterality in big medical establishments had shifted towards community wellness Centres and smaller attention clinics in the late sixties ( Groene & A Garcia-Barbero, 2001 ) . At this point, it must be recognized that no affair how updated the installations are and how willing the community citizens undertaking in collaborating for better wellness allowances, they all will be in vain when there are no wellness attention staff to ease such resources in the field. In such scenario, it appeared that oversights in support from higher authorities sectors had led to decomposition of wellness attention structures in the said countries. In the traditional design followed by Canada s wellness sector section during the late fifties, no particular proposition policies had been constructed in every bit administering wellness forces on the different countries in the state. Such deficiency of organized attack had been dramatically revised in 1966, where practising medical forces have more autonomy in puting backstage pattern for definite fees, restricting wellness services that are low-cost in the state. Acknowledging a figure of disagreements with such clinical freedom, federal authorities placed more stiff parametric quantities to protect consumer rights, punctually supplying for services that are out of privately-insured medical strategies, such as place attention, nursing places, outpatient pharmaceuticals ( Tuohy, 2002 ) . As observed in such authorities reforms in wellness, precedences had been more on a dministering more wellness services to more people, ignoring the equal chances for communities to obtain wellness forces to help in their wellness issues.Aid in rural locations, particularly the fiscal 1s, is transferred from the Provincial divisions through established transportation undertakings. The ideal system postulate that the partitioning of authorities s countries of duties into sub-divisions denote faster distribution and use of much demand commissariats and services, as the local scenes are wedded adequate entree to resources to ordain on issues that needs prompt actions ( Slack, Bourne & A Gertler, 2003 ) . However, such scheme had presented several oversights, as it had non been plenty in turn toing the cut downing figure of wellness forces in rural communities, certifying that fiscal resources are non the lone pastoral that require examination in turn toing wellness unfairness of old population-federal committedness for effectual primary attention reform should be strengthened. As authorities support is mostly required to advance communities that are well-sustained in back uping the demands of its local citizens, their function in the procedure of accomplishing such nonsubjective is vituperative. Retrospective surveies revealed the deficiency of consolidation between the divisions, federal and boor systems, in authorities opinion and duties, as struggle on sum of financess transferred from federal to barbarian offices had non been settle in the past decennaries. Revisions in the support transportation had taken topographic point during the 1995 budgetary cuts, allowing out several protests at the lower degree of the authorities offices in idyl subdivisions. Where some countries had still remained the precedence, such as wellness publicity schemes, and wellness installations, wellness policies back uping community wellness knowledge through better supply of wellness attention staff remained written in commission studies, but neer to the f ull realized ( Tuohy, 2002 ) .With such complecting constructs on ageing population, cardiovascular conditions, and attendant habitation in distant rural countries, the class of progressing developmental age is more at hazard than any other age groups in the same state of affairs. The capacity of the topics in the survey to flexibly get by seemed to travel reciprocally with age. As such, this reappraisal of valid surveies had shown that small attending had been given to strip older persons. Relative with this, spreads on how to turn to the wellness conditions normally bing in persons, every bit good as reconstituting the primary attention construction, must be analyzed and given prompt and efficient attending, as their go oning tendencies may take to more unfairness that takes advantage of the clustered exposure of seniors shacking in distant rural communities.DiscussionThe primary issue of the paper centres on the combination of old age with chronic cardiovascular status and the de ficiency of system support in rural communities, which increases the hazard for lower wellness attention commissariats and services. Noting such incidents, a figure of priority solutions can be recommended to ease the wellness unfairness imparted to this group. The events taking to this may be summarily explained through the sensed block upriers to hapless primary wellness attention bringing ( 1 ) work force scarceness, ( 2 ) sustainable Economic barriers, ( 3 ) geographical unavailability, ( 4 ) cognition shortages ( Hutchinson, Hawes & A Williams, 2010 ) . As such, these may necessitate a comprehensive model of schemes which jointly reconcile each issue towards more effectual wellness attention construction.The efficient attacks in guaranting that older population have the critical wellness plans they need are to prosecute in the run towards wellness publicity and disease bar ( Burns, 2006 ) . The precedences of such constructs had been clearly delineated in the Ottawa Charter , particularly in the former context. This international end chiefly calls for the shared committedness of meeting stakeholders and involved parties in guaranting an efficient model that pursues wellness, above all. Particularly, the said committee had listed the entities involved in such an embracing wellness committedness, including persons, community groups, wellness professionalsainstitutions and authorities, appealing that they stay put with each of their duties in prolonging excellent for all, particularly the vulnerable ripening groups ( Lopez-Acuna, Pittman, Gomez, de Souza, & A Fernandez, 2000 ) . Medical schemes are non the primary focal point of the said end alternatively, it goes manner beyond the healing side to advance a wellness organisation that holistically meets the demands of possible clients in communities-physically, cognitively, psychologically, and spiritually.With the changing demands of ageing population with chronic conditions, a multi-dimensional res olve of perceived jobs may be required in this scenario. In a conceptual model observed in Figure 1 ( delight see Appendix A ) , it well review the general barriers to wellness development of rural community as a whole and ageing populations with chronic disease in peculiar. Schemes to hapless wellness conditions of ageing population in rural communities must non merely turn to their individualised conditions, as considerations on other societal and environmental factors environing these groups must besides be given sufficient attending. More significantly, the roots of the job must be addressed judiciously in order to continue in executing efficient wellness attention publicity and disease intercessions for the targeted group, the aged citizens.As identified earlier, there are five extenuating barriers to the hapless conditions of rural wellness units, and the people shacking in such countries. Earlier subdivisions in the paper had comprehensively reviewed the struggles between two divided subdivisions of the authorities, the federal and provincial authorities offices. As such, their budgetary differences seemed to halter the flow of resource support towards relevant wellness plans, presumable decelerating the operations of receiver sectors that require attending, such as wellness attention constructions and issues. Through amalgamate and cooperative attempts by both authorities divisions, the flow of resources that will fund executable plans can be initiated and procedurally reachd. In Action Plan instigated by the Canadian authorities in 1998, wellness promoting attacks, wellness communicating links, installations and wellness constructions had been given adequate precedence, while wellness work force and pharmacological supports had been left behind ( Tuohy, 2002 ) . In the proposed plan, all subdivisions needed in communities, particularly the rural countries, will be decently meted. .Workforce scarceness. care for forces deficits, particularly physic ians and nurses, seemed to prefer big infirmary establishments in urban countries, instead than remain and function in tranquil and friendly vicinities in rural communities. As such, a figure of attacks can be recommended in pulling the involvement of wellness forces into rural locations. For one, the influence of pecuniary compensations can be one country to fulfill in professional workers. For another, satisfaction besides comes with the efficaciousness of wellness forces in their work environments. With updated and well-supplied wellness equipments and supplies, wellness professional can carry through their pledged responsibilities without negative feelings as they can execute significant undertakings for the community and its citizens, while maintaining their family units near in supportive plans that finance several constituents of wellness staffs household members with them ( Pong & A Russel, 2003 ) . With more wellness forces flocking rural communities, better wellness att ention proviso can be rendered, and wellness instruction can be bring home the baconed to seniors enduring from chronic conditions.Sustainable stinting barriers. governing body funding can non last in prolonging community development and its growing. At the initial stage, provincial sector of the authorities can supply for resources in get downing up community undertakings that may get up the flow of economic gross towards rural communities. The chief economic issue in rural communities is that these units offer businesss that are non diversified in character, where professionals tend to look for occupations elsewhere as they lack the necessary comfortss to heave micro-business that could hold provided occupations for more local people. With this being the instance, authorising the citizens to move can be disputing. Like most enterprises, jibe of fiscal capital for purchase of necessary resources is required to incite plans that address the economic demands of communities. For case, Ontario Small town and Rural Development Initiative ( OSTAR ) had been established to assist the indicated sector in stabilising local economic systems and substructures ( Enid, Bourne & A Gertler, 2003 ) . Local organisers have the duty to take the remainder of the citizens towards preparation activities and concern ventures that may likely pull in occupations from suburban countries, and can even undertakings a sustainable position that depends less on provincial authorities in shouldering community betterments, such as local building costs and other plans related to better selling and consumer engagement in sceptered communities.Geographic unavailability. As Canada is non far behind its neighbouring world power states in economic advancement and enlargement, the issue of geographic distance could hold been easy resolved through modern agencies of communicating. The debut of medical specialty in the context of computerized engineerings had been introduced a few old ages back. Through the external supports attached with such technological inventions, picture cyclosis and Internet-based interactional conversations can be possible. Termed as telemedicine, such scheme covers the distance between wellness suppliers and receivers during the proviso of attention and services ( Hutchinson, Hawes & A Williams, 2010 ) . Alternatively of aged patients with chronic conditions going far merely to run into their physicians for schedule check-ups, this population can use their computing machine units in making so, without the excess disbursal and attempts. health forces at certain distances can be accessed through practical medium, from their ain places.Knowledge Deficits. With such reverse in several rural communities, aged people can non be updated with the true nature of their conditions. The deficiency of cognition on how to continue with ageing position can be compounded with low resources and uncoordinated webs in local rural zones to advance wellness co nsciousness. Through wellness publicity attacks, factual training can be distributed in timely and effectual ways. There are a assortment of ways in executing such ends, such as community consciousness, information thrusts, persuasion in societal policy alteration, go oning preparation and instruction, and active runs which demonstrate better wellness position ( Laverack & A Labonte, 2000 ) . playing most of them, it is rather safe to state that lifestyle alteration, avoiding destructive baccy and intoxicant wonts while keeping better diet and exercising degrees, particularly in cardiovascular diseases in aged can be controlled. Furthermore, medicine regimen can be better complied, as this plays a portion in lordly several sorts of bosom diseases, such as high blood pressure ( Halpin, Varela & A Martin-Moreno, n.d. ) . These schemes must be systematically drilled in community scenes, concentrating on aged groups who are more vulnerable than the remainder. When there is betterm ent in wellness behaviours and informational follow-through in ageing population, they have better opportunity at forestalling farther patterned advance of acquired wellness conditions merely so can the enforced plans on wellness publicity and disease bar be viewed as partly successful in accomplishing community ends of better wellness through the coaction of different sectors in such schemes.DecisionAll in all, the job in older populations had converged, with inclusions of high prevalence of create chronic cardiovascular conditions, and societal unfairnesss brought approximately by shacking in rural countries. Sing their distance from big infirmary establishments, this group is at higher hazard of developing shortages in cognition sing their current wellness position, as rural communities seemed to be prone to work force deficits, but in wellness and economic sectors. Furthermore, it seemed that the great distance projected by rural communities seemed to drive big concern venture s, worsening jobs of community sustainability of its citizens. Sing the drawn-out differences between the federal and provincial authorities sing budgetary affairs, jobs in community subdivisions remained dead and unattended for most of the clip. As proposed in the paper, the authorities in Canada plays a critical function, particularly in its capacity to supply resources and sufficient support, in developing the hapless wellness and communal conditions of several rural units. As such, fiscal and political support served stable anchors to induction of plans, from socioeconomic sustainability, set uping telemedicine connexions, and building effectual attacks in wellness publicity all these contribute in their alone facets in hiking the overall position of rural communities. For the ageing population, support in wellness and day-to-day life seemed hearty plenty for some, while others continue to be involved in community engagement, as several seek authorization and independency, pecu liarly on pull offing wellness more quickly and efficaciously.

Adidas Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Adidas - Case Study ExampleThe publisher will then focus on the SWOT analysis and highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that face the company. In addition, the news report will go further to evaluate the implications of the SWOT analysis on the current marketing position, current business organization strategy and changes that should be implemented in order for Adidas to attain competitive edge in the global market. The paper will highlight how the company can use its strengths to exploit the market opportunities and play the threats and weaknesses in to strengths. Finally, the paper will make recommendations on necessary changes to the current business strategy in order to ensure higher profitability.Introduction Adidas Group (Adidas) is a leading player in the global card-playing industry and contracts in the design, development, and marketing of sporting app atomic number 18l, accessories and footwear (Blakey, 2011). Adidas mainly targets five sport ing fields that are basketball, football, training, running and outdoor. The history of Adidas can be traced back to 1925 when founder, Adolf Adi Dassler created Adidas after identifying the need of high performance acrobatic shoes. The gold medals of 1928 in Amsterdam and subsequent medals in Berlin in 1936 by Jesse Owens were the initial milestones that created the impetus to engage in more production of sporting shoes. Adidas 3-stripes shoe of 1949 attained the company a global credit rating while German national football victory against Hungarian in 1954 World Cup finals do Adidas a household name across the world (Blakey, 2011). In 1970, Adidas conquered the football market through its Telstar ex officio ball in FIFA World Cup since the ball enabled a higher visibility on the macabre and White televisions. In 1971, Rockport Company was established in order to sell advanced technologies and materials in the everyday footwear in the US market. However, the death of Adi Dassl er in 1978 did not affect the company since his son, Horst and mother Kathe go on with the vision of the founder in making Adidas a modern sporting apparel and shoes provider. proceed innovation saw the development of the micropacer that provided athletic contest with performance statistics (Blakey, 2011). Adidas sold it stock to the public in 1995 and keep with its efforts of producing stylish and quality sporting apparel and shoes for the sporting industry. In 1996, Adidas equipped over 6,000 athletics from over 30 countries and experienced more than 50 percent increase in apparel sales. In 1997, the company acquired Salomon Group including TaylorMade, Bonfire and Mavic brands and renamed the company Adidas-Salomon AG. In 2004, the company partnered with Stella McCartney and later initiated plans of selling certain business segments like

Good practice in Teaching and Learning English in English medium and Research Proposal

Good entrust in Teaching and Learning English in English medium and Chinese medium schools - research Proposal ExampleLanguage learning activities are representative of the diverse social and cultural minimise knowledge and experience of learners. Language learning activities provide learners the opportunities to assess and negotiate knowledge, concepts and ideas in the light of their shake up got socio-cultural backgrounds (Ajayi, p.8) The above facts forced non-native English speaking nations to encourage the learning of English by implementing it in their curriculum. The necessitate for a common international language with the expansion of a global communication network has do the English the language of choice (TESOL& Dang, p.9)Postgraduate classes from grades 2001 to 2004 at Capital University of Medical Sciences in Beijing were charge to study English for Technical colloquy, a course that integrated the concepts of technical communication into English for specific pu rposes. In the survey of Grade 2004, over 96% of the graduates claimed that it was necessary for them to study English for Technical Communication more than 90% of the students confirmed that the course was practical and 90% of them claimed that the course had significantly improved their abilities in technical communication. Therefore, introducing technical communication in English for specific purposes would be a feasible air to develop the dogma of technical communication in China. (Duan et al)Even the communist China, started to encourage the learning of English. They have realized the limitations of Chinese language at international level and realized the importance of English for the flavourless communication purposes at international level. English learning is not easy for no-native English speakers. Proper teaching strategies are essential for Learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) especially in China like non-native English speaking countries.Social, cultural and e conomic factors can affect the teaching and learning of English for